Mahalaya
ushers in the aura of Durga Puja. The countdown for the Durga Puja begins much
earlier, from the day of 'Ulto Rath'. It is only from the day of Mahalaya that
the preparations for the Durga Puja reaches the final stage. Mahalaya is an
auspicious occasion observed seven days before the Durga Puja, and heralds the
advent of Durga, the goddess of supreme power.
It's a kind of invocation or invitation to the mother
goddess to descend on earth. This is done through the chanting of mantras.
The day is being observed as Mahalaya, the day of invocation. In the dark
night of amavasya (new moon), people pray to Goddess Durga to arrive in the
earth to ward off all evils.
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On this auspicious day, people pray for the deceased
relatives and take holy dip in the river Ganga - the act being called Tarpan.
On the dawn of Mahalaya, homes in Bengal resonate with the immortal verses of
the Chandipath (chanting from "Chandi"). Chanting of the hymns from
the holy book of "Chandi" in the recorded voice of late Birendra
Krishna Bhadra over radio has become synonymous to the real Chandipath. The
Chandipath is aired by All India Radio in the programme Mahisasura Mardini,
narrating the incarnation of Goddess Durga and her fight with Mahishasura.
Since the early 1930s, Mahalaya has come to associate itself with an early
morning radio program called "Mahishasura Mardini" (the annihilator
of the demon Mahishasura). This All India Radio (AIR) program is a beautiful
audio montage of recitation from the scriptural verses of "Chandi",
Bengali devotional songs, classical music and a dash of acoustic melodrama.
The program has also been translated into Hindi set to similar orchestration
and is broadcast at the same time for a pan-Indian audience. For nearly six
decades now, the whole of Bengal rises up in the chilly pre dawn hours, 4 am
to be precise, of the Mahalaya day to tune in to the "M Chandipath
narrates that She is the primeval source of power, all qualities reside in
her. She is one and yet known by many names. She is Narayani, Brahmani,
Maheshwari, Shivaduti and She is the fierceful Chamunda, decked with a
garland of skulls. The Goddess Chandika is eternal. She has no birth, no
definite physical form. She assumes a manifestation of majestic might only to
restore the process of Creation from the terrible Asuras or evil incarnates.
Mahisasura, the terrible king of the Asuras had defeated the gods and driven
them out of Heaven. The gods, dejected and humiliated went to Brahma, the god
of creation Vishnu, the God of preservation and Mahadeva, the God of
destruction, to report their defeat. These three Gods projected their energy
and evoked a new form of energy. This energy then crystallised into the
heavenly form of a Goddess. She was Mahamaya, the Mother of the Universe. The
emergence of the goddess was an auspicious moment. The Goddess then emerged
in full battle array to combat Mahisasura. The Himalayas gifted Her the lion
to act as her carrier, Vishnu gave her the Chakra , Mahadeva gave her the
trident, Yama gave her the danda, Brahma gave her the rosary and the
container of sacred water. Armed with weapons of all kinds, the Mother
Goddess defeated the Asuras, thus ending the rule of evil forces. The
occasion of Mahalaya, thus, always goes on reminding mankind of the divine
scheme of things that the Evil may have had its say, but it is ultimately the
Good that has the last laughahishasura Mardini" roadcast.
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Amavasya Mahalaya
Amavasya, or the day of the conjunction of the sun and the
moon, occurs once every month and it is a day considered by the Hindus to be
specially set apart for the offering of oblations and the performance of
religious ceremonies to the pitris or the spirits of the departed ancestors.
Such being the general beliefs, what is the reason for the Hindus paying
greater attention to the Mahalaya Amavasya, or the new moon day of the
month of Kanya when the sun is in the sign Virgo ?
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The Itihasa, a great authority on the religious rites of
the Hindus, says that the moment the sun enters the sign Virgo (Kanya) the
departed spirits, leaving their abode in the world of Yama, the Destroyer,
come down to the world of man and occupy the houses of their descendants in
this world or as it is said in Sanskrit, Kanya yate surye pitaras tishtanti
sve grihe .
Therefore the fortnight preceding the new moon of the month
of Kanya is considered as the fortnight which is specially sacred to the
propitiation of the Manes or departed spirits. Dine dine gaya tulyam - The
ceremonies in honour of the Manes performed during each day of this fortnight
are considered to be equal to the ceremonies performed in the sacred city of
Gaya . But instead of performing these rites on each of the days of the
fortnight, most Hindus do so only on one of the days. Orthodox Hindus,
however, perform ceremonies on every one of the days of this fortnight. These
ceremonies terminate on the Mahalaya Amavasya day, which is therefore observed
with greater sanctity than other new moon days. If, through unavoidable
causes, any Hindu is not able to perform his Mahalaya rites during the course
of the fortnight preceding the Mahalaya Amavasya, he is allowed as a
concession to perform the same in the fortnight succeeding this new moon,
because it is said that the Manes continue to linger in his house, expecting
him to perform the ceremonies, till the sun enters the sign Scorpio
(Vrishchika), i.e. till about the next full moon day. If even by that time a
Hindu has not performed these ceremonies to the Manes they are said to become
disgusted with him and return to the world of Yama after cursing their
descendants in this world. Vrishchika darshanat yanti nirasa pitaro gatah .
Such is the belief about the Mahalaya Amavasya and the two lunar fortnights
which precede and succeed it. The month of Kanya is thus reserved for the
worship of departed spirits and the most propitious portion of the month for
such worship is the fortnight preceding the Mahalaya Amavasya. Generally
speaking, every Hindu strictly observes his Mahalaya. If he is careless about
it, he will find it difficult to have a peaceful time with the old ladies in
his house.
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Chakshudaan
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The process of drawing the image of eyes on the day of
Mahalaya which is the last moon before puja. Mahalaya brings the news that
durgapuja is coming very soon.
Mahalaya precedes Durga Puja when all the members of the
family remember their ancestors. This ritual is called Tarpan. Various
shlokas are chanted early in the morning in almost every home as well as in
the puja mandaps. The week that follows the Mahalaya is called Debi-pokhsha.
The puja actually starts on the day of saptami or the seventh day from the
full moon, and goes on till dashami or the tenth day. All mothers keep a fast
on sashthi, the day preceding saptami, to pray for the well being of their
children. The eighth day or ashtami is a day for vegetarian diet. Sandhi-pujo
is also held on that day. Finally, the day of navami arrives which is the
last night for the Mother Goddess to stay in her father's home. The next day,
the day of dashami, she goes back to her husband's house. People bid a
tearful farewell to her and present great barans with candles, fruits and
garments.
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